The Salmonella/Microsome Essay from the Outside to Brazil in the 21st Century: The contribution of Salmonella/microsome assay.

Abstract

In this work, we focused the analytical method known as Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) to recognize its importance and applicability in the 21st century, worldwide to our country. The applied method was the use of keywords (Ames test and Salmonella/Microsome concomitantly) in known websites to access complete articles and reviews about the subject. The inclusion criteria were: full articles published in English, dating from 2001 for data collecting (methods, strains, chemical substances, countries, institutions' types (education, research, public or private), application (pharmaceuticals, medical devices, industrial chemicals, and pesticides, etc.) - until 2nd March 2018, as a deadline. The exclusion criteria were: inaccessibility to full articles and service suppliers. We recognize that in the 70's decade up to 2000, the in vitro methods were historically cited. Our search resulted in the selection of 251 articles, of which 98 were excluded and 153 included for analysis. Preincubation method, TA100 followed by TA98 tester strains were the most used by researchers. A variety of compounds were analyzed (pollutants, chemicals, medicines, phytochemicals and medicinal plants, drugs, teas, water, etc.) and Ames test did suffer changes such as the induction of forwarding mutations to L-arabinose resistance (AraR) and the appearance of commercial kits named Ames microplate format (MPF™) test, and umu test (Umulac AT R). Brazil leads the ranking followed by the United States, Indian, China, Korea, Mexico, and Iran, showing a certain concern between American and Asian countries. These aspects had been discussed here.