Integrative Clinical and Practical Hematology
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019)
Review Article

Neurological Complications of Childhood Hematological Disorders and Solid Malignancies: A Brief Review

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  • Panda PK
Panda PK
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Published January 22, 2019

Copyright (c) 2019 Panda PK

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Hematological disorders are often associated with various neurological complications during the course of the disease and often as adverse effect due to the treatment instituted. Iron deficiency anemia has definite role in the pathogenesis of breath holding spell and ischemic stroke in children. Sickle cell anemia is also associated with increased risk of arterial ischemic stroke and Moyamoya disease. Acute lymphoblastic and myelogenous leukemia are also associated with various neurological complications due to CNS spread, complications of chemotherapy, tumor lysis syndrome, hyperleukocytosis and opportunistic infections. Rarely, paraneoplastic complications like Ophelia syndrome and Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia syndrome can be seen in children with Hodgkin lymphoma and Neuroblastoma respectively. This review article briefly describes individually various neurological complications associated with hematological disorders and malignancies in children, and their current evidence based management guidelines.

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